=GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG=
=                            =
= 33333333333333333333333333 =
=       ,N@/.7RI=J>7         =
= ,,,GLOVAL 4AVIL;Y ISSUES,' =
=       #BJBC ,VOL4 #A       =
= 33333333333333333333333333 =
=                            =
=7777777777777777777777777777=





     J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3
     @U+7@R^1P3


































----------------------------#A
  ^1$3I[7"X^)JU
  #AA-;,D#BFHJJB-#JJJJJA-#JG

    ,N@/.7RI=J>7
    ,,,GLOVAL 4AVIL;Y ISSUES,'
    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A

    J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3
    @U+7@R^1P3
----------------------------#B














#A      #BJBC ,VOL4 #A      #A
----------------------------#C
  ,N@/.7RI=J>7
  "8,N@/.7RI=J>701N @N.RIY3
@!Z J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3W
@=,OAOB.7@V I"! ,M O/,[BCOI4
----------------------------#D




















----------------------------#E
      ,,3T5TS

  ,'.S5:A. .M"1 P3^( DNO.O
^)JU .S5. DNO.O ^)JU ,G["U
.?[5,'

    @MA$^\ .7RQ@OC[7@]@OIRJY
G] J*JV7

  D["<7,[ """"""""""""""""" #G
  D["<7,[W
.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAIRJY .G^O
J*JV7
  O@P3C[78'.];RA*@M,U
J5,@NL1@O ,U.7,0

  JU.M """"""""""""""""""" #AB
  @U+7@V LJY;<5:W @OJY"1 JU.MW
@MA.N.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA ;<5$
J*JV7
  .]+7EG8'@]C5IRJA@+
LJY^X.OJA@V,0

  EO@MA """""""""""""""""" #AE
#E         ,,3T5TS          #C
  LO^R,!"(8'0,CYBA?LON,0
@MA.NIRJYV EO@MA 0,,FES4 ..)@S
@].M
  ^AEO">78'@U,QIRJA@+ .RJV1
L7I5JA@V @+,M,0





















----------------------------#F
      @MA$^\ .7RQ@OC[7@]@OIRJY
G] J*JV7
----------------------------#G
    D["<7,[
    D["<7,[W .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA
IRJY .G^O J*JV7
  O@P3C[7"1 .];RA*@M,U
J5,@NL1@O ,U.7

  .N#AJ JY .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA
IRJYCZ P3"R #BJBB C*N "S,O<N,S
\"O1 /.]OS/[C EML3IYS/I4 AU #A
C*! *@OJ<: #BJBC C* #CP1
#BDO1@V #BEO1N D["<7,[
EN,[8'0,METZ,0W %"U
ENH["UDU1"O,[8'0,EUROMETROP
OLIS,0N,S @R;YJ@O"U J<:/I4
D["<7,[CZ #BJAF C*NIU .@MAW
^U"[IU8'0,BORD1UX,0N,S .N#I JY
IRJY"! \S/CZIN" *OS O IRJY"!
@R;YJ@N IYS/I4
  O IRJYCZ .7RQW .OASB@OC[7
J>7L7" C[7":A@R^1" @].NJV1I=
;<5$ ;X.Q I[7! EX.?["U JE:"
#F      #BJBC ,VOL4 #A      #E
I=,ON .7RQW C[7":AN IRJ3 LJY
O1^3W OJR JVAIR" @MA.N;Q,)
I[7! EX.?["U J3I4 J*.R #BD@RW
@MA$$ ;<5$WL"! ^1AJ:/[E:
#DE@RW .OA.=O .G^OIY@U O/I4 OV
I=,ON ,[DU;[V EGJVV @V3"*IY3
I<>7J3 JR7LI!" F)DS"),["
.7RQ@U+7! MRJ3 D["U@["R5"
;MA.NI!O .QJR7IY1 /.]OI499#A

  99#A .N#AJ JY @MA.N.7RQ
@OC[7U1"O5DOA @=,OAJU5DNO.O
;<5@U4 0HTTPS3_/_/;ABILYMPICS"
#BJBC4COM_/

  #A4 .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAIRJY
.M@V3 @O@V3
  D["<7,[N,S @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOAIRJYNW @MA$IRD+ ;<5:"!
.M@V3JCZ @=,OA.? .U.OAZ
0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4OI4 O
I3;NCZ #BJAA C*N ,T"OBIYS/[E:"
.)@MA.?O@U ^O]"O.?Q ,]@:A!
$KCZ
----------------------------#H
I4 #BJAC C*^MHS @MA.N.7RQ
@OC[7U1"O5DOAJ:BJY8'0,,IAF1
,9T]NA;NAL ,ABILYMPICS
,F$]A;N,0N $OBJR JV1I=J@U O/I4
EMS'^UIIU O I3;NCZ @MACR"2YN,S
@R;YIYCZ EUIZ %J]W .OASB@OC[7
@]*IRJYNW .7RQ ;<5:"!
^1.),OFO@U G]JCZ _S! I5I7J@U
O/I499#B #BJAF C* ^U"[IU
8'0,BORD1UX,0N,S @R;YIY3 .N#I
JY .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAIRJYIU O
I3;N$ .]^M"U^MHS MRO5! ^9<
IRJY"! .U.OA"2G]JR/[E:99#C"
O^) U1"O5DOAIU E;<3$.OI4

  99#B 0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4
JU5DNO.O ;<5@U4 0HTTPS3_/_/"
ABILYMPICS-FR.E4FR_/"
PRES5TA;N_/
  99#C 0,M9/E@3RE DU TRAVAIL1
8,V5EZ *ANG] VOTRE REG>D SUR
LE H&ICAP01 ,8,DOSSI] DE
PRESSE011 #BJAF4 P4#A4

    82@["O5 #A;0 0,ABILYMPICS
,FR.E4W "U@U
A#H     #BJBC ,VOL4 #A      #G
  0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4W JY.7
CUN1 "U.S8'0,NO4_=E_=0L
,ROG],0CZ 8;<^\ SB'CZ ,O,)@V
DU+7,]O ^( JR7LW @M7@[A.?
EXD+OE:" O EXD+CZ SIONC
.(.RJR> JBCOI4 .7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOAZ CM@MC" .7RN
@V3@/SB'O" .OASB! $.O1 ,M
O/ICZ _S! EUIZ L"<5N@N
L7@O,OFO1 ,M O/CZ @OJY
OBCOI0"<E: J3 QHS^%N,S .7RQ
@OC[7U1"O5DOAIRJYW ;MR.O"!
^1AJ:/I499#D

  99#D 0HTTPS3_/_/9=MA;NS4"
H&ICAP4FR_/A-FR.E-PAYS-"
HOTE-PRO*A9S-ABILYMPICS-M>S-"
#BJBC-#CCIDC4PHP4

  O I3;NCZ IRY.?["U
DU+78'09CLU.N,0! EXD+"U
;)E]J@U O/I4 O EXD+"! ^UI
@M;N.?["U ^UE*" ;S',.R" .7RQW
.OASB.? .<%1,]N IRJ3 +A@M"!
CU4O@U @[I!W .OASB.? :A">7!
@S5LJ3I4 I&,.R" .7RQW HRIUV
LJY@].N.? JV1I=NW ;<5:N IRJ3
O1^3 IR.M7W D+L7! @R,)J3I4
,N',.R" .7RQW @U+7 $C[7,]!
$7.UJ5["U,,S .7RQW V3.)J3 LJY
;<5:"! .OP3J3I4
  DU+7W J*,O1.?Q EU,[BZ
.7RQI!O .OASB! ,O1.O1.?["U
$K@N IYCZ _SOI4 .[A .OASB.?
H=JBOI4 @[") O%"U 0,ABILMPICS
,FR.E4CZ .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA
IRJY"! I3,GJO .7RQI!W .OASB
:A">7! ,)^UO@U @].R7J<:
M,[7JCZ _SN J3.],OFO@U O/.O
<30I4 IS C<<$ 8,[DU;[
@]@O;S"S5 ^UOCZ O IRJYW
.M7,O5NCZ ENI1W ,RA,$1E3F[5
.M7+J3 _SZ .7RQI!O $.O@U O/CZ
.OASB.? :A">7N IRJ3
$7.UOBCOI0"<@U 0,ABILYMPICS
,FR.E4W @V3@/.CZ E1J3I4
----------------------------#I
  ^( IRJYW EXD+CZ .7RQW H=JB!
^UI +7OJ@N E3ICZ _SOI4 O")
ERA"<AN,S O^) U1"O5DOAZ @U+7!
;<K! ,M O/CZ @=$3" DH[CSVW
C#H     #BJBC ,VOL4 #A      #I
E3C5" ,R"UG .OASB! ^1@*J1 ,M
O/CZ @OJY I[7W E:2 $.O
OCO,:HO^["! .N<3J@U O/I4
0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4 @V3@/.<W
E1;S"S5" U1"O5DOAZ 8E30Z
L"<5I!N@N O@U'Z @OJY$ ,R7@O@U"
\.]O I["SC@U" EO"R ,IUCZ ^7J>7
.)JV3O @M;NJVIYCZ @U'OI0

  #B4 #DC E]W @MA$IRD+,),MW
,)^1@V.]
  D["<7,[CZ O^) #BJBC C*
.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAN ;= #DC E]W
@MA$IRD+"! #DD@RW .OA.= .M7
#BF@RW .OA.=N ;<5:,OFO1 /.]OI4
OI!W .OA.=@V ;<5$QP3W @M,]!
D+"! CHCRE* "8D+ #A01@V $8I4

  "8D+ #A01 D["<7,[ ;<5$
,),MI!W .OA.= EO2 QP399#E

  99#E 0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4
JU5DNO.O ;<5@U4 JRI7 JVE*N
.N#AJ JY @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOAN ;<5$J1 ,),MI!W
O"[5@V .OA.=O @O,&IY54
0HTTPS3_/_/ABILYMPICS-FR.E4"
FR_/5_/"PICIPANTS_/COMPETI;NS"
_/#AJTH-9T]NA;NAL-ABILYMPICS-"
#BJBC-B_/ ;<5@U4

=GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG=
  .OA.="1 QP3
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
  .N@V"1 #B
  .N,^7"1 #A
  +"O8'I3;N,0"1 #D
  +"O8'@RQ,0"1 #B
  DMI[F^O7"1 #B
  "N,[HU"<7,S^O,["1 #B
  >7.78'@O;U,0"1 #A
  >7^X"1 #A
  ,O$AIO.<Q"1 #B
  W"%IO.<Q"1 #A
  L.Q8',O1Y,0"1 #A
  L.Q8',O1CR,0"1 #A
  FS5D%HS.]^UH=,Q"1 #B
  PRBE,[HS"1 #B
  DU,[HS IO.<Q"1 #B
  H<O1"1 #A
  +7.SB"1 #A
B#I     #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #AA
  EX@=/"1 #B
  .U@]"1 #B
  ..)@S.U"OB"1 #B
  FS5D%HS.U"OB_/,M"O"1 #B
  FRI[8'0,,CAD,0"1 #A
  EO+7"1 #A
  JVJPR.7,OA"1 #B
  ;O@V@O@="1 #A
  F!"OCO7"1 #B
  8'0*ECK,0 ;= #DC E]W
@MA$IRD+$ ;<5$J5
=7777777777777777777777777777=

  OI! @MA$IRD+I!Z D["<7,[
.):AN @T;: ,);&IYS/[E:
#AG,NN,S #EG,N,$.O I<>7J3
*"]IR"U IYS O/I4 OI!W
,)^1@V.]Z F[@N #B$.OOI4 JCCZ
@V7:A EO2 .)@MA ,M.GN,S \"OCZ
@OC[7U1"O5DO<I[IRJY"!
H=JR,SO@U" I"Z JCCZ @[ ^AAW
@].QIRJYC ,S"%,O5LV QHS^% I[7!
H=J3 ,)^1OI4
---------------------------#AJ
  #A,0 @OC[7 U1"O5DO<I[
IRJY8'0,LES ,OLYMPIADES DES
ME@/TIERS,0
  @OC[7@V @V3"*IY3 @].QIRJY
.M7 $.7 IRD+.?Q _SO @OC[7
U1"O5DO<I[IRJYOI4 D["<7,[CZ O
IRJYV @V3"*JR IXH[AJ3 .S5! JC
$.O@U O/I4 D["<7,[W @]M" .7R$
O/CZ ;<5$.CZ U1"O5DO<I[W
@V7:AIRJYV .)@MAIRJYN,S ^O.7RQ
;<5$.<V H=JBIYS IRJY"! ;O"[CZ
H[A.O7O O/I4 .[A .7RQ ^O.7RQ
;<5$.<V I=O1J3 .U@)" I=O1J3
O^N3H[ EO2 I=O1J3 .S5,M
,O,[HN5["U @].R7J3I4
  @OC[7 U1"O5DO<I[ IRJYCZ #B
C*EI $A$AW JR7.]@M:AQ
@V7:AI3MR8'0,RE@/GION,0N,S
@R;YIY3I4 $A @V7:AN,S OBL7J3
,),MI!8'IR^M^GZ
@[5ENI1"O,[H[,0Z *OS \"OCZ
.)@MAIRJYN ;<5:J1 ,M O/I4 AU
.)@MAIRJYN,S OBL7J@N IYE*
D["<7,[ IRD+"U @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOAIRJYN ;<5:J@N IY3I4
L3,&.?["UCZ U1"O5DOAO @R;YIYCZ
C*IUW O.) #D C* I=<3 #B^)W
A#AJ    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #AC
.)@MAIRJY$ \"OCZIN" O IRJYN,S
@[5ENI1! @SES.MRE*
U1"O5DOAIRJYW D["<7,[ IRD+HO5N
^1HAIY@N IY3I4
  $.7 ;Y@ZNCZ #BJBB C* #AJP1
#BJ-BBO1 D["<7,[ .):AN,S (
#CEJ E]W .T5ZOI!@V J5,@N #BE
E]W .7RQ JM^UI!O
^U"[IU8'0,BORD1UX,0N,S \"Q
@OC[7U1"O5DO<I[ .)@MAIRJYN
;<5$JR/I4 0,ABILYMPICS
,FR.ED4W J:B":AJ<N" O .7RQ
JM^UI!Z I"Z ^O.7RQ ;<5$.<V
I=O1J3 .U@)N,S I=O1J3 EG.N"!
D&S/I4 O .)@MAIRJYCZ H[A^\JO
.7RQ @OC[7.I!! MRJR 8@[I!W
.RC[7! I["SCR@U .7R"!
OKS^S"OIU"X E3I[B,OI60"<CZ
,!"U@)! CR@TS/I4

  #B,0 @[ Y I"Z @OC[7 @].QIRJY
  @OC[7@V @V3"*IY3 @].QIRJYCZ
U1"O5DO<I[ E1@UIU E30I4
0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4CZ $A$AW
IRJYI!! ;<5@V3JE*,S
.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAIRJYN
;<5$J1E3J3 ;<5$.I!! ,);&JCZ
.ASB! J3I4 H[AJO U1"O5DO<I[
IRJYN DUJ5IY.O <30CZ .OA.=W
@]MNCZ O"SJ3 ,);&^7,OAO
%+7JI4 U1"O5DO<I[IRJYC $A.=
@].QIRJYN ;<5$J.O <30</I)
.7RQ@O,&.I!IU @R^\.?["U
0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4N ("<QL7["U
U1"O5DOA ;<5$,Q;]! J1 ,M
O/[E:" ,Q;]O IY3 JMN ,O5L@V.]!
@S;O@N IY3I4

  #C4 @MA$IRD+HO5W .G^O @V.]
  EUIZ .7RQ @MA$IRD+I!Z H[A.]
@OC[7W .)EG$I!W .Q.]J3 .OASB.?
FU;O7["U ;RP.Q V3.)J
---------------------------#AA
@U @R^\JVIY3 I=JR7.OP3W J/HRA!
^9CZI4 ,IUJ3 ,),MI!Z JRI7
.OA.=W FU;OI!@V J5,@N U1"O5DOA
IRJY"! L7.]J3 I<>7J3
@].R7,N,*! ^9@N IY3I4 AU @O,&
@+%A" ,Q;N EO2 .],Q.? JG"*"
8EUW IRJY0" HO5["U,SW I=@O ^M:
I[7Z U1"O5DOAN,SW ,]@=! MRJ3
C#AJ    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #AE
H[A^\JO @U<3IY3 IU@MO.
@V.]I!OI4
  ,8%"SB 0,]ASMUS4 5
D["U@["R50'W O1JV3["U
0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4CZ JM^U.I!O
%"SB EO2 @MA.N IRJY"! .G^OJ1
,M O/IU"X OI=N @V3"*IY3
.U;OI!! .U.]JR .GI4 O"SJ3 OI=
@V3"* .U;OI!Z %"SB .):AW
.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA .OP3.I!O I"Z
EGJV"! ^1@*J@U" @[I!W %A;N.?
JR^7" .],Q.? @R^7" .OASB.?
.<%1,] I[7! ;X.QJ@U" @U+7 EO2
O1L7.?Q JV3@]NW .SB@ZN IRJ3
^UI FZ ,O1.O1.? O.S5! .N@=J1
,M O/I4
  H[AJO O^) D["<7,[ IRD+I3Z
O^) U1"O5DOA! .G^OJCZ IN ERM
.?@[A.?OS/I4 #BJBB C*" E30Z
,),MI!O 0,SKILLS ,F9L&4V
J:B":AJ<: JN1,O7FON,S \"Q
0,]ASMUS"64 @*,[B.M$3! ^UCR/I4
AU #BJBB C* #AP1NCZ
"O=8'0,LYON,0N,S HO5 @\,X
,NEOC$ @R;YIYS/I4
  U1JRW @]MNCZ #AP1 #AD-AEO1
>7O1N @T;:" U1"O5DOA IRD+I3Z
D"ON,S IRD+,),M" FU;O"
.OASB.)EG$ I[7! EU< ,NEOC"!
@R;YJ<:/I4 O EUO5Z ;<5$.I! LOW
CR^M@\,X! I.O@U ,R"UB@N
IRD+HO5N ;<5:J@N IY3 @M,]P3I!!
@\JB,OFOE: $A ;<5$.I!N@N
@R^\.?Q ;YL7W .G^O"! .N@=J@O
MRJR @R;YIYS/I4

  8'L.Q"1 D"O ,NEOC EU,[B4
  ;&;S"1 0,ABILYMPICS ,FR.E4
JU5DNO.O" 0HTTPS3_/_/"
ABILYMPICS-FR.E4FR_/T\TE-"
LEQUIPE-ABILYMPICS-FR.E-"
V\S-PRES5TE-SES-MEILLEURS-"
VOEUX-P\R-LANNEE-#BJBC_/,0
  ,'L.Q ,R7">A,'







B#AA    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #AG
---------------------------#AB
    JU.M
    @U+7@V LJY;<5:W @OJY"1
JU.MW @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA
;<5$ J*JV7
  .]+7EG"1 @]C5IRJA@+
LJY^X.OJA@V

    JU.MW @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOA ;<5$
  JU.MCZ #AIHA C* IUF+N,S \"Q
;Y;UW @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOA^MHS J*.R,$.O @R;YIY3
EUIZ .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAN
;<5$JRU@U O/I4 #AIIE C*NCZ
JU.M DS,[8'0,P]?,0N,S
U1"O5DOA! @R;YJ3 @]JS5O O/@U"
#BJAA C*N ,S&N,S @R;YIY3
U1"O5DOANIU ;<5$JR/I4 I7,ON ;=
#F E]W .7RQ8'#E E]W JMR1;NS
O+7. DUJ5,0@V #C E]W .OP3HO5
8'$3JUL" E&"O;O"+L" AU $5IX,0O
JU.M HO5["U @M,]IYS/I4 ;<5$
.=EXZ @O;U INOHS OB":A"
..)@S .U"OB" >Y L.Q;V1]"
EX$A8'0WOOD C>V+,0" EG,S.A,]"
AU I7,O ,R"U IUOBIY3 LO^S
,[DU;[8'0E-SPORTS,0 I[7OS/I4
#BJAF C* D["<7,[ ^U"[IUN,S
@R;YIY3 IRJYN JU.MCZ #AJ E]W
.7RQ8'#I E]W JMR1;NS O+7.
DUJ5,0O ;<5:JR/I4 OI!Z
L.Q;V1]" EG,S.A,]" .U@]" @O;U
INOHS OB":A" EX$A" AU ..)@S
.U"OB I[7W ^MEGN,S @].R7JR/I4
  JU.MCZ @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1"O5DOAN .?@[A.?["U ;<5:JRU@U
O/@U" ;Y@Z ;<5$I3 @%EU$
JVAIRIYS U@U O/@OCZ J.OE3"
IR@%EU ;<5$"! %IUJ@O MRJ3
.U.OA.?Q CU":A! @].MJ@U O/I@U
D]$J@OCZ S":BI4 JU.MN,S
@MA.N.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAZ ;<5$.
@RQW @U+7 @OJY"! JVAIRJ@U"
LJY.? @O,&! J>7L7,OFO5@V I=,ON
.7RQW @O,&@V @U+7N IRJ3 LJY.?
Q,OA! @R,)JCZ EX.?["U
JV1+7IY@U O/I4
---------------------------#AC
    ,SJU.M .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA*
ER7
A#AB    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #AI
  JU.MNCZ .)@MA I3MRW
.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA .G^O ;N@/$
G]IY@U O/.O <30I4 IR,QN ,SJU.M
.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA*ER78'0,ABILY
MPICS ,WE/ ,AU/RALIA" OJ
,SJU.M *ER7,0O JU.MW I"Z .M"!
IRD+J@U O/I4 ,SJU.M *ER7Z
.7RQW @U+7 @OJY J>7L7@V ..($5
@U;MR"! EX.?["U J@U O/I4
,SJU.M *ER7Z ^O]"O@O@M"U,S
.]^MW ^U.U@[5N W.(J<: G]IY@U
O/[E:" @[ YN G]MRP3JY JYP3W
JY^OV @OSB JMP3@[5" AU O1^3
IR.M7I!W @O^M@[5! .M+ .RP3["U
J@U O/I4 ,O1.N"U .]^MW
^U.U@[5Z ,SJU.M *ER7 ,MOBW
#HE4IH0P "! ;<.OJ@U O/I4
,SJU.M *ER7Z @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7
U1DO5 ;<5$"! .U.OAJ@U
@O@[5.U,]! J5["U,,S L,O1L7
JU.M"! IRD+JCZ U1"O5DOA
@O@M"U,SW :AJ1! I5I7J@U
O/I8'0,ABILYMPICS ,WE/
,AU/RALIA1 #BJBC,04

    .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA ;<5$
.G^O
  @MA.N.7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOAN
;<5$J@U. JCZ JU.MW .7RQZ M,)
,SJU.M *ER7N $OBJR> J@U"
;<5$WJ>7,S8'0EXPRES.N (
9T]E/,0"! .N;&JR> J3I4 ,SJU.M
*ER7Z $@[B.? E30Z .7RQI!O
U1"O5DOAN ;<5$J@O"! JWE7JE*,S"
;<5$.I!N@N I<>7J3 .OP3!
.N@=J3I4 :@ONCZ E&"O ;O"+LV
$3JUL I[7W W"+.)EG$" AU @+H=
I[7W O1L7 .OP3! MRJ3 Q":A I[7O
DUJ5IY3I4
  ,SJU.M *ER7Z ;<5$.I!!
.R.].?["U .OP3J3I4 .R.].?
.OP3NCZ ,MA,UV ,OAL ^O+7 I[7O
DUJ5IY3I4 AC" O1^M ^O+7Z .7RQ
@RQO .OA.SB ^MI5JR> J3I4
.OA.SB ^MI5JR> JCZ ^O+7NCZ
,SJU.M *ER7 *$3 JY^O8'#AJ
JU.MI1"S,0V @MA.N.7RQ
@OC[7U1"O5DOA I[7"X^O8'>A #BEJ
JU.MI1"S,0$ DUJ5IY3I4
---------------------------#AD
    .7RQ@OC[7U1"O5DOA ;<5$
B#AC    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #BA
@O,& ^G>
=GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG=
  ^G>"1 ,N^M ^G>
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
  @),T EO2 @);MA @O,&"1 $@M
.N.A8'@U@[B,0" $@M
.N.A8'@O;U,0" 0,,CAD4 @);MA"
.)@O ,T^O" .U@]" DNQHO7"
H<O1"O7
  @=/"1 ^@MCO .N.A" IU-/
  /,& EO2 DR,*"1
W"%.N.A8'@U@[B,0"
W"%.N.A8'@O;U,0" ,@U2,@UKO"
EO+7" ^U,?$@=" .R^=
  [5,OA"1 .N,^7" >;R .7,OA"
FNOF[ .7,OA" +"O8'@RQ,0"
+"O8'@["MB,0" @V."%" ,OAI7
,S^O,[
  ^U@)"1 W,M_/W.X ,UFN'"
;O@O@=" ,(HUB@V3"O" EL.O"
W"+FNS" <3@].N.A
  .]^UH=,Q@O,&"1 CNH[P6
,O,[HN5 @V3"O" FS5D%HS .U"OB"
FS5D%HS D["U@["REO7" PRBDNO.O
.N.A" INOHS D["U,N,O7"
.).8',@O;U,0" .).N.NDM5 .U"OB"
$L7 EO2 .[7$7J*,O1 @R^1
  L3SB"1 ..)@S .U"OB"
@=JA,T@/" L3SB"U^U'@=JA"
UHU^<O .]^O" +7.SB
  "N.S"1 ^C[.O1" .,M"
,I[@R.O1" D/@OE& .RJV1+7
DNQHO7" ,O1F[DNQHO7" EX$A
  EOIOS"1 FR"OAHS IO.<Q"
ETHOEOIOS .SCT"O.[5"
L.Q8'>Y,0" L.Q8',[H%IOU,0"
DU,[HS IO.<Q" ;&D3" EG,S.A,]
  ,S^O,["1 .N^(" ;],U,S^O,["
$.),M"O" ,Q^1,M,)
=7777777777777777777777777777=
  8';&;S"1 0,ABILYMPICS ,WE/
,AU/RALIA1 #BJBC,0

  U1"O5DOA ;<5$"! JWE7JCZ
.7RQZ ;= #AJ @O,& ^G>N .OP3J1
,M O/I4 :@ONCZ @),T EO2 @);MA
@O,&" @=/" /,& EO2 DR,*"
[5,OA" ^U@)" .]^UH=,Q@O,&"
L3SB" "N.S" EOIOS" AU ,S^O,[
I[7O DUJ5IY3I4 $A @O,& ^G>CZ
,N^M @O,&^G>"U @M,]IYS O/[E:"
B#AD    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #BC
;= #EH@R ^G>N .OP3 $C[7JI4

  ;<5@UEGJ)
  ,ABILYMPICS ,WE/ ,AU/RALIA
"<#BJBC"> HTTPS3_/_/"
ABILYMPICS4ORG4AU_/1
,ABILYMPICS ,WE/ ,AU/RALIA



















---------------------------#AE
    EO@MA
    LO^R,!"(8'0,CYBA?LON,0
@MA.NIRJYV EO@MA 0,,FES4 ..)@S
@].M
  ^AEO">78'@U,QIRJA@+ .RJV1
L7I5JA@V @+,M,0

  ,8LO^R,!"(8'0,CYBA?LON,00'Z
@O@/V Q$3W @\JB;NQ Q.UQ$3!
,I['JCZ LO^U@[8'0,CYBORG,0V
@]@O"! ,I['JCZ
R,!"(8'0,A?LON,0W JB,]SOI4
LO^R,!"( @MA.NIRJYCZ #BJAC C*
,[MR,[ ;MR"OJON MR;OJR O/CZ
0,,E? ,ZURI*"<,SWISS ,F$]AL
,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY 9
,ZURI*">4 *^7 @=@VIRJA
@)$7@VJA EO2 @O,&JA@VN,S $5$A
GI=@/ AU .RJV1@=JA@V @V3"*IY3
*@M"! JCZ 0,ROB]T ,RI5]4 @+,MW
.MIUJ<N @/JYAIYS U1"O5DOA@V
.7RQ U1"O5DOAQ
DR"T"O5DOA8'0,P>ALYMPIC,0$
@R;YIY3 JRQ #BJAF C* #AJP1
#AE     #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #BE
,[MR,[ ;MR"OJON,S ;S[5["U
@R;YIYS/[E:" O @MA.NIRJYCZ #D
C* .M@O"U @R;YIYS #BJBD C*
#AJP1 ,[MR,[ F!"UHN3N,S
@R;YIY1 /.]OI4
  D1OC I"O"! O10@SC ,Q;N.?
,(L7["U @Z":A M5.OAO5N .NJ3O
O/CZ .7RQI!O W.XOC W,MV $8O
O1L7.?["U L+7JCZ
,Q;N^U.U.7@M"! ;<A+7J@U .7RE&"
..)@S" JMR1;NS I[7W @].M"! JCZ
_SZ @O.(N E30O <1":.Q
DR"T"O5DOA@V %LJI4 AC @Z":A["U
.AI=JCZ ,Q;N ^U.U.7@ME3!
JV1+7JCZ DR"T"O5DOA@VCZ I"[@N
LO^R,!"(Z "U^U' @O,&! .?+7J3
,N3,SV EUHS I[7W JI[PRSV
FS5D%HS ,UD[H[PRS"! H=JBJ3
;S5I3 ,Q;N^U.U.7@M"! ;<A+7J@U
@:"MCZ @MA.NIRJY"! O1FS9CZI4
J.OE3 ,O1.N.?["U .7RQI!Z
O1L7.?Q ,R7JV1 ,XN,S O"SJ3
@O@OI!! ^O@+.? L+7J.OCZ <30@U
O/[E:" CU4.O <30Z E3.XIUN
IRJR,S @R^1.I!" ;O"+LI!"
.7RQI! $3N ,UH= ^M.R"! IRD+.?Q
O%"U IZI8'0,RI5]" #BJAF,04 A5
LO^R,!"( @MA.NIRJYCZ .7RQI!O
O1L7,R7JV1N,S .U@[5 IS
,O1+7.?OE*,S E3.X$5 CU4Z
,Q;N^U.U.7@M L+7 JV1,]JV"!
@M7@[A.?Q EX.?["U L5CZI4
---------------------------#AF
  LO^R,!"(W #F.=EXZ I<[5@V
$8I8'0,CYBA?LON1 #BJBC;A2
,CYBA?LON1 #BJBC;B;2 LO^R,!"("
#BJBB,04

  #A4 CYD"! O+7J3 .7RE&
@].M8'0,BRA9-,COMPUT] ,9T]FACE
,RACE 8',,BCI,0,0
  #B4 W,M @]@O8'0,P[]$ ,>M
,PROS!SIS ,RACE 8',,>M,0,0
  #C4 W.X @]@O8'0,P[]$ ,LEG
,PROS!SIS ,RACE 8',,LEG,0,0
  #D4 .)I= JMR1;NS
@].M8'0,P[]$ ,:EEL*AIR ,RACE
8',,:L,0,0
  #E4 $7JV Y@U1@:A
@].M8'0,P[]$ ,EXOSKELETON
,RACE 8',,EXO,0,0
B#AE    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #BG
  #F4 .)@O .@[A! O+7J3 ..)@S
@].M8'0,FUNC;NAL ,ELECTRICAL
,/IMULA;N ,BIKE ,RACE
8',,FES,0,0

  LO^R,!"( @MA.NIRJYW 0,,BCI4
.=EXZ Q$3W CY ,XN,S O"MS.OCZ
FSE%COFNO,* ,O@[CTI!! FS5D%HS$
Q,OAJ<: JMR1;NS" ,[EH[ D(I[7W
@O@O"! .AI=JCZ _SOI4 0,,>M4
.=EXZ D1N Q@= ^U;TE&! LBOBJ<:
,(W @OC[7@V IS^&S EX ,IUCZ
I[7W @UH= V3JVN IUM5! .GI4
0,,LEG4 .=EXZ I"ON Q@=^U;TE&!
ISJ<: M5.OAO5@V ^1W @OC[7!
IUBCZI4 E.OEA["U 0,,:L4Z
JMR1;NS"! L+7JCZ .7RQI!O
@/I3I[7! ,MP1J@N OI=J1 ,M
O/IU"X .OP3JE:" 0,,EXO4CZ
>7;[AJ.OE^O .7RQI!O O1S,S@O"
@S9@O" @/I3 U"[CR"O@OI[7! J1
,M O/IU"X IUV.MCZ ^U.U@=JA
@O,&I!! DUJ5J3I8'0,CYBA?LON1
#BJBC;C,04
  LO^R,!"( @MA.NIRJYN,SCZ
,8D<O1"S'0'O"< ^M"[CZ ,),MI!@V
@V3"* .7^O"! E3I[CZ @O@V3
,IUCZ JYLN@N $A$AW ENI1O
,M:IY3I4 0,,FES4 .=EXW @]MNCZ
#BJAF C* LO^R,!"(
@MA.NIRJYN,SCZ L.Q #A AU #BV
$8O EO@MAW .RJV1^U.U@=JA
*@MHO5 0,T1M ,CLEVEL&4 ,U,X
0,M>K ,MUHN4 ,),M$ 0,,FES4
..)@S @].M8'0,FUNC;NAL
,ELECTRICAL ,/IMULA;N ,BIKE
,RACE,0 .=EXN,S ENI1!
,ML7JR/I4 0,T1M ,CLEVEL&4CZ
@Z%A CR .)@[A8'0,9TRAMUSCUL>
,ELECTRODES,0! Q@=.?["U
.MOBJ<: ,Q@]! QMR.?["U
,M;MA,OFO@U JV1,]JV,OF: @Z%AO
ISMAIS .]EO1J@N H=.NIY1 ,M
O/IU"X JCZ 0,,FES4 @O,&"U $.7
;U@ONCZ #AIIF C* J^3,Q E^O$
O/CZ .7RQI!! IRL7["U J<:
M5.OAO@O" @S9@O" LOF!"O7"
CU.S'@O I[7W JV1I=I!O
.U@[5,,OA $C[7J@N,@[5 JCZ
@O,&OI8'0,CYBA?LON1 #BJBC;A2
,CYBA?LON1 #BJBD;B;2 L
B#AF    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #BI
O^R,!"(" #BJBB,04
---------------------------#AG
  ,'L.Q ,R7">A,'
  8';&;S"1 0,ADV.ED ,PLAT=M
,TE*NOLOGY ,C5T]1 #BJBJ,0
  ,'L.Q ,R7">A,'
  8';&;S"1 0,MC,DANIEL ET
;AL41 #BJAG,0

  O"SJ3 0,,FES4 @V3"* @O,&Z
;?,M,(L7O O/CZ .7RQI!!
.M7,O5["U ^1.)JR/CZIN"
;?,M,(L7 .7RQI!Z M5.OAO5N
.NJ3@V ,(L7["U QJ3 .),Q ,IUCZ
^M^G E^O"U OS.O1 ,M$ O/I4
M5.OAO5W .NJ3I!Z ,Q@]JA.? ,QJU
.),=@V .U.T @OC[7W ^7JRI!"U
QJR ,(L7! ^9Z ^MMR @Z;S ,IUCZ
<"R"U ,Q.QIRL @OC[7@V ,Q;N
.U,] ,]^GN ^*JV"! H=JR,S
.<%1,Q@]@/" $5$A" ,Q@]@Z@U1@V
GI=@OC[7@V @V3"*IY3 ,(L7["U
OS.O1 $C[7,]O F[I4 A5 0,,FES4
..)@S ^1.)Z ;?,M,(L7 .7RQI!W
E^OIY3 @Z%AW @OC[7.? C[7":AI!!
J>7L7 ,OFOCZIN IUM5O IYS/I4
O"SJ3 0,,FES4 ..)@S ^1.)Z
,@M.GJO .O,XIYS #BJAF C*^MHS
*@MHO5Z #AJ E]W ,),MI!O @["O5
#C AU @["O5 #DV $8O 0,,FES4
..)@S @R^1@V @].M JG"*!
,O1,OJR/I8'0,COELHO-,MAGALH4_=
A_=0S ET ;AL41 #BJBB2
,MC,DANIEL ET ;AL4" #BJAG,04
;?,M,(L7 .7RQ@V $8O ;Y,UJ3
,IUCZ .^1.? I"O M5.OAO5O <-/
^&$C[7J3 .7RQI!O @U.]IY3 GI=+7
@O@/ ,IUCZ CMG L7HRN,S HCZ
,N^1 ..)@S"! @U.]IY@SC .OL7W
GI=@O@M"! H=JR,S JG"*! J1 ,M
O/IU"X J<:/I4 O"SJ3 0,,FES4
..)@S @].MCZ H=.[7 V3JV"
,O5D/@OC[7 J>7L7" ,Q;N .U,]"
AU @U1IRLN J+@V$ O/ICZ _S["U
*@MN,S ^1AJO@U O/I8'0,CLEVEL&1
#BJBC2 ,COELHO-,MAGALH_=A_=S
ET ;AL41 #BJBB,04
---------------------------#AH
  ,'L.Q ,R7">A,'
  8';&;S"1 0,MC,DANIEL ET
;AL41 #BJAG,0
A#AG    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #CA

  #BJBD C* @R;YIY1 LO^R,!"(
@MA.NIRJYN,SCZ ,[EH[ ,O$A ^U.U
@=JA8'0,SM>T ,VISUAL ,ASSI/IVE
,TE*NOLOGIES,0 AU ^U.U @=JA
"U^U'8'0,ASSI/IVE ,ROBOTS,0
.=EX IM @R$ ;M$IY3I4 O @MA.N
IRJYCZ .M7.[7 .7RQI!W ;<5:"!
%IUJE: ,^"[@O ^UICZ ,@M.GJ3
JG"*! @S;Q D<O1"S'O
,Q;N^U.U.7@M"! .1 JV1+7JCZ _S!
,ML7J3I4 OCZ .7RQI!W
O1L7,R7JV1 ,XN,S @O@O @MOB@V
JV1+7O @U+7;<7;&"
@U+7%.OI[7["U OS.: .)^3.? L15W
.O1 J>7L7! IU& ,M O/IU"X JCZ
_SO ;Y.= EXD+O@O
,IREGOI8'0,RI5]1 #BJAF,04

  ."+ ;&;S
  LO^R,!"( 8'#BJBB,04
  HTTPS3_/_/NAMU4WIKI_/"
W_/.0,,EC.0#HB.0;,,AC.0,,EC.0"
#I0,D.0;,B#D.0,,EB.0;,B#J.0"
;,B#J.0,,EC.0#H,A.0;,,AC.0"
,,EB.0,A#A.0,A#J
  ,ADV.ED ,PLAT=M ,TE*NOLOGY
,C5T] "<#BJBJ">4
HTTPS3_/_/WWW4APTC5T]4RESE>*4"
VA4GOV_/EV5TS_/CYBA?LON_/
  ,CLEVEL& "<#BJBC">4
HTTPS3_/_/CYBA?LON4E?Z4*_/5_/"
T1MS_/CLEVEL&
  ,COELHO-,MAGALH ES1 ,T41
,FA*9-,M>T9S1 ,E41 ,SILVA1
,A41 ,AZEV$O ,CO/E1 ,C41 @&
,RES5DE-,M>T9S1 ;,H4
"<#BJBB">4 ,DEVELOP;T ( A
,HI<-,P[] ,CAPAC;Y ,OP5 ,S\RCE
,ELECTRICAL ,/IMULA;N ,SY/EM
TO ,5H.E ,RESE>* 9TO
,,FES-,ASSI/$ ,DEVICES3
,VALIDA;N ( ,,FES ,CYCL+4
,S5SORS1 #BB"<#B">1 #ECA4
---------------------------#AI
  ,CYBA?LON "<#BJBC;A">4
HTTPS3_/_/CYBA?LON4E?Z4*_/5
  ,CYBA?LON "<#BJBC;B">4
HTTPS3_/_/EN4WIKIP$IA4ORG_/"
WIKI_/,CYBA?LON
  ,CYBA?LON "<#BJBC;C">4
B#AH    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #CC
HTTPS3_/_/CYBA?LON4E?Z4*_/"
EN_/DISCIPL9ES">
  ,MC,DANIEL1 ,J41 ,LOMB>DO1
;,L4 ,M41 ,FOGLYANO1 ;,K4 ,M41
,M>ASCO1 ;,P4 ,D41 @& ,TRIOLO1
;,R4 ,J4"<#BJAG">4 ,SETT+ !
PACE3 9SI<TS & ADV.E;TS GA9$
:ILE PREP>+ = AN ,,FES BIKE
RACE4 ,J\RNAL ( NEURO5G9E]+ &
REHABILITA;N1 #AD1 #A-#H4
  ,RI5]1 ;,R4 "<#BJAF">4 ,!
,CYBA?LON PROMOTES ! DEVELOP;T
( ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY = P )
PHYSICAL 4ABILITIES4 ,J\RNAL (
NEURO5G9E]+ & REHABILITA;N1
#AC1 #A-D4










---------------------------#BJ
    ;8,N@/.7RI=J>702 EUCOHS"O7
+P3 EU.OB @=@U

  .OC3 #CJ C*$3 .7RQ @U+7
^G>N,S .];RA*@M"! ,)IUJ@U" O"!
H=JR .7RQW L15W .O1 J>7L7N
@O:JR ( J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3
@U+7@R^1P3O "8,N@/.7RI=J>701
EUCOHS"O7 +P3! EU.OBJBCOI4

  "8,N@/.7RI=J>701Z JRYW .7RQ
@U+7 O,% EO2 I=J>7! @MACRW
JA@/" .)EG$" .];RA I5I7.<N@N
^UI ,MRB@U ,Q,XJ@N ,U@RJCZ
I=J>7.OOBCOI4 MR;XIY3
EUCOHS"O7 +P3Z
"8,N@/.7RI=J>701! H=JR .O@M;(
@U'@U'W I<>7J3 .7RQ @U+7
I=J>7! ^1 ,^"[@N .)I1JCZ :AJ1!
I5I7J,O@N IYBCOI4




#BJ     #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #CE
---------------------------#BA
    EUCOHS"O7 +P3 EU.OB +$7

  .OP3 .@:A
  _4 .7RQ @U+7 ,IUCZ @V3"* ^G>
.)@=." %@]":A.
  _4 JRY .7R@V3"* LOH[ EUCOHS
EO2 Y@MAS ^):A $C[7.8'@MAY
@S.M.IU $C[7,0

  EU.OB ^MEG
  _4 ]@MA" O1^(" IXO1"
,[PRIN3" FRCI I[7 .7RQ
@U+7"2^X.O ,).Q .N Y@MA
  99 I3" J*.R EUCOHS"O7 @MA$Q
EO@MA" D["<7,[" JU.M .NY

  EU.OB @O$3
  _4 #BJBC4 #AB4 #CA4,$.O8'+P3
EU.OB ,O .U@O E$5,0

  ^1$3O1
  _4 ,.A,MP1 E1O18'#B_/#BH"
#D_/#CJ" #F_/#CJ" #H_/#CA"
#AJ_/#CA" #AB_/#CA,0

  P3@U .A,]
  _4 .M.N"1 ;Y,Q .7RQ @U+7
I=J>7 EO2 .];RA EUCOHS"O7
  _4 P3@U J]HR
  - 0,A#D+7.O #C--#D,.X CRYW
N,NO
  - I3,G ^):A .O>7" ;<5@U ."+
JV1+7 ,O *@M%3"O .G,M

  EUCOHS"O7 +P3 MR;X
  _4 EUCOHS"O7 +P3 MR;X JM
@:AP18'JU1,MP1,0 P3@U .A,] EO2
@N.R
  _4 P3@U^\ ,U.]W P3@U"+ .O@[B

  .OP3^7^SB
  _4 #A;< ,S"% ,O5L"1 .OP3,S99
.A,] JM I5I7.
OENO18'0NAOMKX#J@AK1D4OR4KR,0
.N;&
  99 .OP3,SCZ 82@U+7@R^1P3
JU5DNO.O8'0HTTPS3_/_/$I4K1D4"
OR4KR,0 3O ,9TO ,,$I 3O
@=.OLJ7;0N,S I<G $C[76
  99 I3" J3ENO18'0HANMAIL,0
A#BA    #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #CG
@/.]Z ,M,Q ^&$J<: O+7 .O>7
  _4 #B;< P3@U .N;&"1 #A;<
,S"% ,O5L JB@:A.<N J3JR @R^\
*"<A" E$5 @OJ3,$.O P3@U .N;&

  EGW
  _4 J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3
@U+7@R^1P3 G]@V3"O^M
  .)JV"1 #JCA-GBH-GJDB
  .).<MD*"1 0NAOMKX#J@AK1D4"
OR4KR4















---------------------------#BB
      ,N@/.7RI=J>7
  I[7"X^)JU"1 ,]C5E#JJJH
8'#BJAC C* #GP1 #BBO1,0 #BJBC
C* .N#A JU8'H=@P3#GJ JU,0
  ^1JR7O1"1 #BJBC C* #BP1
  ^1JR7Q"1 .UJ>7J*
  ^1JR7;S"1 J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3
@U+7@R^1P3
  D*.OBMRP3.7"1 @O5)<
  D*.OBMRP3"1 %3L7+7"2.)]JV3"2
.U]@O"2;Y,QJ]
  D*.OB$3L"1 @O5C<]
  Q,VRQ"1 ^A@].8'"OI["OA,0
  IO.<Q"2Q,VR"1 "OI["OA
#JB,0#BBFI-AIAI
  JU5DNO.O"1 0HTTPS3_/_/$I4"
K1D4OR4KR4
  .).<MD*"1 0NAOMKX#J@AK1D4"
OR4KR4
  0,TEL"1 #JCA">#GBH-#GJDB
  0,FAX"1 #JEJ,0#CDGJ-#JIJA
  .M,U"1 #ACFAI @]@OIU ,]C5,O
^GI7@M @MEO"U #AGC^)@O1 #EI

#BB     #BJBC ,VOL4 #A     #CI
---------------------------#BC
  ^UO.O <30CZ C[7":A["U J5,@N
U"! ,M O/,[BCOI

  CM@MC $.O@U O/CZ C[7":A@V
.RC[7! .7RQI!N@NCZ D*@* ,IREGN
M"O$ ^U.O EU'J@U O/,[BCOI
  D*@*! ^S"O@U .7RQ" ^O.7RQ
EUIM$ J5,@NJ3IE* M"O EUIM$ IS
C<Z ,NL7N U"! ,M O/,[BCOI

  J3@MA.7RQ@U+7@=I3
  ,,ISSN#BBCD-#ABB